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Aerosols from tobacco heating products (THPs) exhibit lower machine yields of toxicants compared to cigarette smoke. The US Institute of Medicine (IoM) has proposed that the development of potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs) which yield lower emissions of some toxicants compared with conventional cigarettes could be expected to result in reduced toxicant exposure in smokers who completely switch to using them.

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Fundamentally, THR relies on the proposition that the health burden of smoking at the individual and population levels can be reduced by encouraging smokers to switch to novel nicotine and tobacco products that may support combustible cigarette displacement, and while not being risk free would reduce or eliminate exposure to toxicants and potentially reduce smoking-related harms.Д¬igarette smoke contains more than 8700 identified chemicals, many of which may contribute to disease development. For those who are either unwilling or unable to quit smoking, a tobacco harm reduction (THR) approach has been proposed. While quitting smoking reduces disease risk, and large proportions of smokers report wanting to quit smoking and make cessation attempts, fewer than one in ten smokers successfully quit smoking annually. Smoking-related disease risk is correlated to daily cigarette consumption and the number of years since smoking initiation and is due to inhalational exposure to smoke toxicants that transfer into cigarette smoke during tobacco combustion. Our findings support the notion that the deleterious health impacts of cigarette smoking may be reduced in smokers who completely switch to using THPs.Д¬igarette smoking is linked to the development of numerous diseases including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Also at 180В days, significant changes in numerous BoPH, including total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2О± type III, fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide and white blood cell count, were directionally consistent with lessened health impact. In continuing smokers, BoE and BoPH remained stable between baseline and day 180, while THP usersвЂ™ levels of most BoE reduced significantly, becoming similar to those in controls abstaining from cigarette smoking. Various BoE and BoPH related to oxidative stress, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer were assessed at baseline and up to 180В days. Participants in this randomised, controlled study were healthy volunteer smokers assigned either to continue smoking or switch to a THP, and a control group of smokers who abstained from cigarette smoking. The aim of this study wasВ to investigate whether biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and potential harm (BoPH) are modified when smokers switch from smoking cigarettes to exclusive use of a tobacco heating product (THP) in an ambulatory setting.

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